APPLE TREE FIRE BLIGHT IN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Fire blight is one of the most dangerous quarantine diseases of ornamental and fruit crops of the Rosaceae family, including the apple tree (Malus spp.). The disease is caused by the gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora, which is included in the unified list of quarantine objects of the Eurasian Economic Union. Fire blight has been identified in nearly 60 countries worldwide. This disease has also been detected in Kazakhstan. This disease causes a significant reduction in yield, as well as serious damage or death of fruit trees in nurseries, orchards and farms. Fire blight causes enormous economic damage worldwide. This review analyzes studies on the identification of foci of fire blight of apple trees in Kazakhstan. Monitoring studies have been analyzed to identify threats of infection of endemic apple tree species Malus sieversii. The work on the genotyping of various varieties of apple trees for resistance to this disease is reviewed. The review analyzes various measures to combat fire blight proposed by Kazakhstan researchers. All the research results are of great economic and environmental importance for Kazakhstan.

Key words: fire blight, Erwinia amylovora, apple tree Malus spp., control measures