АЛМАТЫ ҚАЛАСЫ ТҰРҒЫНДАРЫНДА БРОНХИЯЛЫҚ АСТМАНЫҢ ДАМУ ҚАУПІНЕ АДАМНЫҢ ГЕНЕТИКАЛЫҚ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМДЕРІ МЕН PM2.5, CO ЖӘНЕ SO2 КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯЛАРЫНЫҢ ӘСЕРІН ТАЛДАУ

Authors

DOI:

10.26577/EJE20258435

Abstract

Approximately 91% of the world’s population lives in regions where air pollution levels exceed the limits set by the World Health Organization. Exposure to polluted air is recognized as a significant risk factor for bronchial asthma (BA). In Kazakhstan, the prevalence of BA continues to increase, and worsening environmental conditions make a substantial contribution to this trend. Twin studies have shown that the heritability of BA reaches up to 70%. At the same time, external factors including air quality also play an important role. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) help determine genetic predisposition to BA and assess the influence of environmental factors such as air pollutants PM2.5, CO, and SO₂.

The aim of this study is to analyze SNPs associated with bronchial asthma and their interaction with atmospheric air pollutants among residents of Almaty. The study included patients diagnosed with BA and healthy volunteers; microarray genotyping was performed, and air pollution data were collected over a seven-month period. The most pronounced protective association was identified for rs3117098 (TSBP-AS1, OR=0.39, p=0.000), whereas rs2844510 (LINC01149, OR=2.00, p=0.047) and two polymorphisms in the HLA-DRA/TSBP1-AS1 region (rs9268516, rs3763309) were associated with increased risk. Notably, CO exposure significantly enhanced the genetic effect of rs3763309 (OR=2.96, p=0.002) and rs9268516 (OR=2.10, p=0.004), while the interactions with PM2.5 and SO₂ were statistically significant but weak.

This is the first study aimed at identifying the association between asthma-related genetic variations and air pollutant concentrations in Almaty, with a focus on the Kazakh population. The findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying BA development and support the advancement of personalized approaches to diagnosis and prevention.

Key words: bronchial asthma; environmental pollution; single nucleotide polymorphism; genotyping.

Author Biographies

  • Madina Abdullayeva, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Master's degree, Senior Laboratory Assistant at the Laboratory of Population Genetics at the Institute of Genetics and Physiology

  • Aigerim Kassymbekova, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Master's degree, Senior Laboratory Assistant at the Laboratory of Population Genetics at the Institute of Genetics and Physiology

  • LIna Lebedeva, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Research scientist at the Laboratory of Population Genetics at the Institute of Genetics and Physiology

  • Kanagat Yergali, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Junior researcher at the Laboratory of Population Genetics at the Institute of Genetics and Physiology

  • Leila Djansugurova, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Candidate of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Center for Paleogenetics and Ethnogenomics at the Institute of Genetics and Physiology

  • Danara Artygaliyeva, Allergo Clinic, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Doctor of the highest category of the «Allergo Clinic» medical Center, director of the center

  • Nazym Altynova, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    PhD, Head of the Department of Laboratory of Population Genetics at the Institute of Genetics and Physiology

  • Lyazzat Musralina, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    PhD, Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Population Genetics at the Institute of Genetics and Physiology

  • Alexandr Garshin, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    PhD,  Researcher at the Laboratory of Population Genetics at the Institute of Genetics and Physiology

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Published

2025-09-30

Issue

Vol. 84 No. 3 (2025): Eurasian Journal of Ecology

Section

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS ON BIOTA AND HEALTH OF THE

How to Cite

АЛМАТЫ ҚАЛАСЫ ТҰРҒЫНДАРЫНДА БРОНХИЯЛЫҚ АСТМАНЫҢ ДАМУ ҚАУПІНЕ АДАМНЫҢ ГЕНЕТИКАЛЫҚ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМДЕРІ МЕН PM2.5, CO ЖӘНЕ SO2 КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯЛАРЫНЫҢ ӘСЕРІН ТАЛДАУ. (2025). Eurasian Journal of Ecology, 84(3). https://doi.org/10.26577/EJE20258435