SHIFTS IN AVIAN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN ONE OF THE GORGES OF THE AKSU-ZHABAGYLY NATURE RESERVE

Abstract

This article examines changes in bird community structure in Taldybulak Gorge (Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve) from 1996 to 2025. To maximise comparability, we analyse 11 seasons restricted to the last week of June (1996-2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2025). Counts were conducted along a fixed route, in morning hours only, by the same observer. Over this period, 34 species were recorded; a core of just 12 species formed the resident community, whereas others bred irregularly or appeared during post-breeding foraging movements. The latter occasionally dominated for short intervals (e.g., Sturnus roseus). Both species richness (8-19 per day) and total abundance varied strongly across years (12.3-198.8 ind./h) and even across successive days. The processes observed were largely natural; however, even minor human disturbance influenced them, as evidenced by marked declines since the early 21st century in the Black-headed Penduline Tit (Remiz coronatus) and the White-throated Dipper (Cinclus cinclus), coincident with increased tourist traffic.

Key words: Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve; Taldybulak Gorge; avifauna; bird community structure; recreational disturbance; phenology