Tastambek K.Т., Аkimbekov N.Sh., Qiao Xiaohui, Token A.I., Zhubanova A.A. Investigation of physico-chemical and microbial properties of lignite samples

al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Almaty

Abstract

The main factor in necessity for soil fertility restoration technologies is the catastrophic loss of quality and volume of soil because of its barbaric exploitation over the past 50 years. 12 million hectares of
land is transformed into deserts and 25 billion tons of fertile soil is lost every year. In this regard, many
countries of the world are potential for new technologies of humus production and creation of eco-blackearths. It is intended to use lignite as the raw material, which is rich in humic acids. Research aimed at
developing methods to increase crop yields and restore soil fertility is relevant for any country. The basis
for successfully combating catastrophic losses of soil qualities and volumes is laid in the understanding
of the physical and chemical properties of brown coal. Coal is a multicomponent rock, which consists of
a heterogeneous organic mass: coal, moisture and mineral moieties of various composition. Inclusions
of rocks and minerals in coal vary depending on the geological features of the deposits and can be represented by silicates, carbonates, sulfates, oxides, sulphides, and also salts of humic acids. Microelements
such as Ge, W, Be, U, Se, Zn, Mo, Re, Ag, As, Sb, Pb can also be present.
It was shown for the first time that samples of brown coal lying at a depth of 15-20 cm are significantly enriched with bacteria. In addition to the theoretical interest, the study of microorganisms in
brown coal is of practical importance, since brown coal, in addition to its traditional use as fuel, is widely
used in biotechnology as a raw material for the production of humic fertilizers.
The purpose of this work is to study the physico-chemical parameters and the microbiological characteristics of brown coals.
Key words: Lignite, microbial landscape, humus, coal deposit, productivity, soil fertility.