Nurzhanova A.A., Pidlinuik V., Muratova A.Ju., Berzhanova R.Zh. Abit K., Nurmagambetova A., Nurzhanov Ch., Mukasheva T.D., Bektileuova N.K. Phyoremediation Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals Using the Bioenergy Species Miscanthus X Giganteus

Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of the Plant of the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, the city of Almaty; Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Saratov; Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia

Abstract

The contamination of soil by heavy metals is one of the important environmental problems due to
their toxicity and negative impact to human health and the environment. An effective method for cleaning the soil from xenobiotics is phytoremediation. The aim of the study was investigate the morphological morphological indicators of biomass productivity and physiological features of the bioenergy plant
Miscanthus x giganteus that grow on soil contaminated with heavy metals. When M.x giganteus was
grown on the contaminated soil from the territory of the former military site (Maili, Balkhash district, Almaty region) and mining site (Tekeli, Almaty region) it was established that the plant is resistant to heavy
metals (TI ≥ 1) and possesses to phytoremediation potential. Plant absorbs from the contaminated soil 11
elements (As, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Sr, Mn, Ba, V). The main organ of accumulation of the hazardous
elements (As, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu) is the root system, and less dangerous metals (Sr, Mn, Ba, V) and
dangerous toxicant Zn is the root system and in insignificant quantities the aboveground. The bioaccumulation factor, translocation factor and recovery were calculated; results showed that M.x giganteus has
the ability to phytostabilization soil the contaminated of the hazardous heavy metals, and phytoexctraction – the more dangerous elements. It was found that the absorption of the heavy metals from the soil
by plant depends from the type of soil: the absorption spectrum of the elements from the sandy soil is
higher than the absorption spectrum of elements from the loamy soil.The results obtained indicate the
effectiveness of the M.x giganteus growing for the restoration of the abandoned contaminated lands.
Key words: phytoremediation, soil, heavy metals, Miscanthus x giganteus.