Satimbekov R.K., Ametov A.A., Suleymenova H.K. The composition and ecological condition of flora an average current of water in Ile river

Kazakh national university, Аlmaty, Кazakhstan

Abstract

In article the assessment is given to a current state of vegetation and
floristic water structure, coastal water and marsh plants of the delta lower
watercourse of Ile river. It is noted that vegetation and floristic structure
water, the coastal water and marsh plants of the delta of river Ile for the
last 45 years have undergone strong change. It is connected first of all with
construction of Kapchagay hydroelectric power station on the river Ile that
has led to sharp reduction of volume of water in the lower watercourse, to
falling of level of ground waters and considerable salinization of the soil of
the delta of river Ile. Besides river Ile since 1970 year doesn’t flood therefore small lakes and marsh sites of the delta have dried up that has led to
reduction reed of the ragoz and the of thickets.
Process it happened gradually. During the period from 1970 to 1980
the area of the sites exempted from water and turned to swamp didn’t
exceed 300-500 km 2, since 1981 for 1984 the area of such sites has already grown to 800 km 2. By 2010 the deltas of river which have dried up
a fate of small lakes in Ile river have increased by 339,2 sq.km. For today
from 16 small lakes of river’s delta in Ile, only the heel has a small volume
of water, the others completely dry up. It has led to change both vegetable
covers, and floristic structures of the delta the small river Ile, first of all water, the coastal water and the marsh plants. Also the vegetation of the tygai
woods was exposed to degradation. Forest forming ancient breeds have
remained only on coast of the main bed of the river and its channel. On
the sites of the delta separated from water sources tree species mainly dry
up, remained their separate young individuals is in the worst vital state.
Almost disappearing coastal water and marsh plants. They can be met only
on coast of the main course and its shallow a channel. They can be met
only on the banks of the main river and her shallow flows.
Analysis of floral composition of delta Ile showed that here valuable
in a feed relation kinds were sharply saved and their place is occupied by
ruderal kinds mainly one-year solyanky from family of pigweed
Key words: association, dominants, gemikriptofiya, gidrofit, gidadofit,
mezofit, nanofanerofit, terofit.