Soil degradation due to pollution by oil and oil products and the development of a way to prevent them

Abstract

Soil degradation and, as a result, desertification is a global phenomenon, but in Kazakhstan it is felt
most acutely. The main causes leading to desertification and adverse environmental changes include
chemical contamination of the soil. Local and regional chemical pollution of soils is observed near cities
and industrial enterprises, open-pit mining of mineral resources. The dominant group of chemical pollution will be oil itself, gas accompanying it, waste and underground mineralized water. The problem of
detoxification, cleaning and restoring the properties and fertility of soils polluted with oil and oil products
in order to prevent soil degradation is an important and most pressing issue at present. The main idea of
the work is to create a solar complex for processing oil and gas waste with the development of fundamentally new solutions in the technological scheme for processing oily waste.
In world practice, various methods of cleaning soil and water from oil pollution are applied: mechanical, physicochemical and biological. Not all of them are safe and effective. To solve the problems
of anthropogenic pollution by oil and petroleum products, photothermal methods during cleaning to
remove the hydrocarbon portion of the soil. The authors have created a solar system and developed a
way to prevent soil degradation with the production of petroleum products.
The scientific novelty of the work lies in the use of various types of solar constructions in the recycling and utilization of oily wastes, ensuring maximum separation of hydrocarbons from oil wastes, without prejudice to their chemical structure, in the manufacture of modern composite building materials,
ensuring the intensification of hardening processes.
The results show that an environmentally friendly method has been developed for cleaning oilpolluted soils, soils and oil sludge. This method solves an important environmental problem of cleaning
oil-polluted soils, soils and oil sludge, helps restore and prevent the degradation of natural complexes,
reduces pollution of the soil layer and water bodies. This will allow utilizing oil barns and sludge collectors in all oil-producing regions using solar energy.
Key words: soil degradation, technogenic desertification, oil pollutants, land reclamation, soil
cleaning.