Бражникова Е.В., Мукашева Т.Д., Игнатова Л.В. Таксономическая структура микромицетных сообществ почв под посевами сельскохозяйственных культур

Кaзaхский нaционaльный университет имени aль-Фaрaби, Кaзaхстaн, г. Алмaты

Abstract

The paper presents data on the taxonomic composition of micromycetes in soils of agrocenoses of 7
fodder and grain crops (soybean, barley, lucerne, rape, safflower, sweet clover and sainfoin). The structure of micromycete communities is given.
The identification of micromycetes was performed by classical microbiological methods based on
morphological features and cultural and physiological properties. The structure of micromycete communities was estimated by the relative frequency and spatial frequency of occurrence of representatives
of different genera.
Main results. The filamentous fungi isolated from the investigated soils belong to the eight genera:
Mucor, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Trichoderma, Metarhizium, Beauveria. Yeast
organisms are represented by the genera Aureobasidium, Rhodotorula, Metschnikowia, Lipomyces, Candida, Saccharomyces, and Cryptococcus. Soils under agricultural crops were characterized by a smaller
generic variety compared to virgin. The main components of the fungal communities were various species of genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium. The share of each of these genera accounted for from
13.2 to 28.8%, the frequency of occurrence was from 67 to 100%. Representatives of the genera Aureobasidium, Rhodotorula and Metschnikowia prevailed among the yeasts in both relative frequency and
frequency of occurrence.
Key words: soil micromycetes, taxa, structure of communities, agrocenosis.