Khamitova K.K., Yegemova S.S., Bauyrzhan M. Determination of soil toxicty bioassay method under the influence of phenol

1Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Almaty 2Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Kazakhstan, Almaty

Abstract

Soil is the basis of agriculture and the main source of food, providing
95-97% of food resources for the world’s population. Significant negative
impacts on soil pollution has toxic chemical compounds, many of which
are preserved for a long time in the soil.
Phenol is a second class of danger to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.
We studied the effect of harmful substances on the growth of radish seeds
sprouting. Experiments made in the laboratory on artificially contaminated
of phenol soil samples. It was established pattern of influence of the concentration of phenol in the soil extract on the growth of plants.
The main sources of phenols into the environment are motor vehicle
emissions, the production of phenol-formaldehyde resins, adhesives, plastics and steel, coke plants, etc. Phenol is in air, soil and water for a long
time if a large amount thereof ejected at a time, or if a large number of
emission occurred in a long time. When a one-time release of phenol in
the air less than a day, its concentration is halved on average. When injected into the soil phenol output 2-5 days
One reason for the lack of data on contamination of soil phenol is
quite complicated and expensive sample preparation required for its quantification. This places significant limitations on the number of samples analyzed and reduces the effectiveness of monitoring. At the moment, there
are only a few data on the results of determination of phenols in soils.
The paper studied the effect of phenol on the growth of radish seeds
sprouting. The experiments were performed in the laboratory on artificially contaminated with phenol soil samples. Calculation of the degree
of change in seed germination and seedling root length as compared to
control samples allowed to correlate the contaminated with some degree
of toxicity. It was established pattern of influence of the concentration of
phenol in the soil extracts on the growth of plants.
Кey words: phenol, toxicity, soil, radish, express test.