Abit K.E., Yernazarova G.Y., Omarova G.K., D�ysebaeva T.S. Features of distribution diatoms Lake Balkhash and the Bukhtarma reservoir

1Kazakh National University of the name Al-Farabi, Kazakhstan, Almaty 2Kazakh state woman pedagogical university, Kazakhstan, Almaty

Abstract

Diatomaceous water-plants – unicellular, shallow microscopic organisms, the forms of cages are round mostly, sticks, three-cornered, to the
oval trapezoid, cylindrical. In a cage outside of protoplasm there is a thin
transparent shell, he outside consists of two durable armor silica. A size
of cage is 4-2000 microns. In this work it was studied the intensification
of phytoplankton growth in a special environment, developed for growing diatoms. Diatomaceous water-plants meet in many places. A basic
environment of their habitation is water. In water wide spread type of
benthos and plankton. Some one-celled and colonial diatomaceous waterplants stick to and sprout on water water-plants and plants. Diatomaceous
water-plants have a 5600 kinds. The article provides the results of research
and alga taxonomic definition of species of diatoms in Lake Balkhash and
Bukhtarma reservoir. 2015 October of Lake Balkhash and Bukhtarma reservoir water sample was taken as the research object. Diatomaceous cages
were counted. As a result of research work, in Balkhash, were identified
following diatoms: Nitzchia, Pinnularia viridis, Gomphonema truncatum,
Navicula sp., Fragillaria, Synedra ulna, Сyclotella commensis, Cymbella.
In Bukhtarma lake Pinnularia viridis, Fragillaria crotenensis, Navicula sp.,
Nitzchia palea, Synedra ulna, Сyclotella, Asterionella. In order to improve
the environmental situation of Kapchagay reservoir fill is recommended to
stop, clean and waste water in a steel mill to control the amount of water
that irrigates.
Key words: lake Balkhash, Bukhtarma reservoir, diatoms, Centrophyceae.