Turasheva S.K., Boguspaev K.K., Faleev G.D., Alnurova A.A., Kapitina A.I. Restoration the population number of wild rubber endemic plant Scorzonera tau-saghyz Lipsch. et Bosse

Al-Farabi Kazakh National university, Kazakhstan, Almaty

Abstract

Scorzonera tau-saghyz Lipsch. et Bosse (tau saghyz) is rare endemic
plant species of flora in Kazakhstan, which is included in the Red Book of
the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is a strategic raw valuable species because
it contains rubber in the root. The plant, first discovered in the Karatau
Mountains, grows on stony and rocky slopes, low- and middle plateaus.
In nature the plant is propagated by seeds and vegetatively by stem and
root grafts. Hygrophill, frost and heat-resistant mesophyte plant has a wide
range of environmental spectrum, wild forms are able to accumulate in
the roots about 40% rubber. Rubber is contained in latex branches which
penetrate roots, caudex and leaves of tau-saghyz. During the war from
nature it seized more than 14 million plants and produced 902 tons of
rubber for country’s defense industry. Restoration of its resources in a nature conditions is very slow due to the formation small amount of seeds to
the 3-4-th year of vegetation period and seedling death at a young stage.
One of the problems for large-scale cultivation of tau-saghyz is a low percentage of germination and seedling growth. The reason of this issue is
the high susceptibility of seeds to various infections, impact of pests and
physiologically low energy of seed germination. The aim of this research
was to study the different modes of stratification and priming seeds of the
wild plants tau-saghyz to increase the germination and sprouting of seeds
and their subsequent reproduction to restore the number of population
rare rubber plant species. It was found that the stratification of seeds at
70 C for 4 weeks and treatment by 0.1% thio-urea leads to a decrease of
seeds contamination, increase the percentage of germination, as well as a
large output of healthy seedlings of endemic plants Scorzonera tau-saghyz
Lipsch. et Bosse.
Key words: priming, propagation, Scorzonera tau-saghyz Lipsch. et
Bosse, stratification, tau-saghyz.