Alybayeva R.А., Kruzhayeva V., Abdrazakova G., Atabayeva S., Asrandina S. Investigation of the influence of genotypic factors on the accumulation of heavy metals by wheat

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Development, Kazakhstan, Almaty

Аннотация

The most acute problem, solution of which has practical significance, is the contamination of agrocenoses by heavy metals near large industrial centers. It is necessary to develop agricultural systems
that guarantee sustainable functioning of agricultural production, reduce the level of contamination of
produced products by HM and by other chemical toxicants. The most promising direction in this area
is the identification of plant objects characterized by a minimum accumulation of heavy metals. In this
regard, the purpose of our study was the identification of wheat forms resistant to priority pollutants in
East-Kazakhstan industrial region (zinc, cadmium, lead and copper).The objects of the study are different genotypes of winter and spring bread wheat. The plants were grown on the scientific test site in the
conditions of natural pollution of environment, in the suburban zone of Ust-Kamenogorsk. The content
of heavy metals in plants end soil was determined by atomic absorption method. The experiments and
determination of physiological parameters were carried out by the method of field experiment.The study
of heavy metals content in the root zone of wheat plants showed that plants experience stress from polymetallic soil contamination. Investigation of the accumulation of heavy metals in the organs of wheat
showed that winter and spring wheat differ in the distribution of heavy metals in the organs. In case of
winter wheat, zinc and cadmium, in contrast to copper and lead, are actively supplied to the reproductive organs. In the case of spring wheat, zinc and cadmium accumulate in seeds in small quantities, and
copper and lead are significant in quantity and its content exceeds the MPC in almost all varieties. Large
genotypic differences were revealed in the accumulation of zinc, copper, cadmium and lead in plant
organs. According to the results of study, wheat varieties that accumulate less heavy metals are recommended for further use in breeding for resistance to metals.
Key words: heavy metals, wheat, accumulation of metals, promising genotypes.