Study of genetic effects of radiation contaminated territories on biota

Abstract

Industrial factors, the forceful action of full elementary evolutionary processes can lead to qualitative transformations of the gene pool of populations. Observations in the field and experiments made it
possible to establish a previously unknown fact that complexes of soil animals with chronic irradiation
with doses of the order of 0,5-20 mSv/day experience clearly recorded oppression. Especially sensitive
are earthworms Eisenia fetida. Among the cells with chromosome structure disorders, chromosomal
type aberrations (67,04%) over chromatid (32,95%) prevailed, which indicates a predominant radiation
exposure. The study of chromosomal aberrations in natural populations and the human body acquires a
special practical and theoretical significance in connection with the influence of factors of the changing
habitat. But, an important element of the set of works to determine the degree of impact of the activities
of radiation contaminated territory on the environment and public health is the conduct of ecologicalgenetic and medical-biological research in the region. The purpose of this publication – on the basic of
scientific research results to analyze the current state on the habitat of radiation-contaminated territories
and the evaluation their genetically consequence of animal and human body.
Key words: radiation, cytogenetic, ecology, chromosome, population.