Bekishev K.B., Auyelbekova A.K., Alzhapparova N.A. Soil contamination by heavy metals (for example, the village Zhairem)

Карагандинский государственный университет им. Е.A. Букетова, Республика Казахстан, г. Караганда

Abstract

Soil is an essential and irreplaceable component of the biosphere, which
is subject to a number of important ecological functions: fertility, energy,
atmospheric, hydrological, and others. It serves as a link of all components
of the biosphere, as well as biogeochemical barrier function. Status of soil
impacts on the environment and natural resources, the level of economic
and social development of the country, the health of the population. As a
result of industrial development negative impact on the environment has
become global in nature, leading to contamination of vast territories. Effect
of heavy metals on vegetation manifested as a reduction in biomass growth,
chlorosis, necrosis, and subsequently the quality and productivity loss. Is
there any influence of heavy metals will not decrease, but rather increase it
at the end of the plant will lose vitality. Heavy metals affect the upper bodies
particularly in generative organs. Because of the destruction of assimilating
function of cells, the plant loses its dry biomass. biogeochemical zones have
small leaf plate deformation and morphological changes in case of contamination with heavy metals plants outside in a metal-rich. Area study village.
Key words: biosphere, ecology, heavy metals, soil, pollution, soil.